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1.媒體來源:
日經新聞

2.記者署名
KAZUHIRO KIDA, SHINICHI HASHIMOTO, Nikkei staff writers

3.完整新聞標題:
China's version of GPS now has more satellites than US original
中國版GPS擁有比美國原版GPS更多的衛星

4.完整新聞內文:
TOKYO -- China's BeiDou satellite positioning system has overtaken its U.S.
rival in size, a shift with potentially huge implications for both high-tech
 industry and national security.
東京 - 中國北斗衛星定位系統的規模超過了美國的競爭對手，這一轉變對高科技產業和
國家安全都有潛在的巨大影響。

The U.S. has long been the world leader in satellite-based positioning with
its Global Positioning System. China by contrast did not put itself on the m
ap until relatively recently, launching its first such satellite in 2000.
美國長期以來一直是全球定位系統衛星定位的全球領導者。 相比之下，中國直到最近才
開始在此領域參與競爭，并在2000年發射第一顆導航衛星。

Satellite-based positioning systems are the bedrock upon which a vast array
of location services is built -- everything from smartphone games to emergen
cy notification systems makes use of location data. These systems also allow
 aircraft and ships to navigate and enable remote operation of huge agricult
ural and mining machines with pinpoint precision.


The European Global Navigation Satellite Systems Agency estimates the market
 for devices and location data services will reach 180 billion euros ($199 b
illion) by 2020, with 8 billion receivers in operation, making satellites an
 important part of a country's industrial competitiveness.


A Nikkei analysis of satellite orbit data from leading U.S. receiver maker T
rimble highlighted BeiDou's rapid growth. China launched 18 satellites for t
he system in 2018 alone. As of the end of June, there were 35 BeiDou satelli
tes in operation, compared with 31 for GPS.


The EU, meanwhile, has 22 positioning satellites and Russia 24. Japan operat
es four "quasi-zenith" satellites, which are limited to regional use, while
India has six.
與此同時，歐盟擁有22顆、俄羅斯擁有24顆定位衛星。日本擁有4顆“準天頂”衛星，僅
限于區域使用，而印度則有6顆衛星。

As of June 28, Chinese satellites were observed more frequently than GPS sat
ellites in 130 of 195 countries (U.N. member states plus the Vatican and Pal
estine). More than 20 BeiDou satellites were observed over mainland China.
截至6月28日，在195個國家(聯合國成員國外加梵蒂岡和巴勒斯坦)的130個國家，中國衛
星的可觀測頻率超過了GPS衛星。在中國大陸能觀測到20多顆北斗衛星。

China is using its Belt and Road Initiative to promote the BeiDou navigation
 system. BeiDou satellites were the most frequently observed in more than 10
0 of the 137 countries that have signed on to the massive infrastructure pro
ject. Most were in Southeast Asia and Africa.
中國正在利用“一帶一路”倡議推廣北斗導航系統。在137個簽署了這項大規模基礎設施
項目的國家中，有100多個國家最頻繁地觀測到北斗衛星。大多數在東南亞和非洲。

The Pakistani military relies on BeiDou for positioning data, and in April t
here was a test run of self-driving tractors in Tunisia using the system. Mo
re than 30 countries in the Middle East, Africa and elsewhere use the Chines
e navigation system. If it becomes the standard in these countries, China wi
ll have an advantage in introducing new technologies and products.


BeiDou is also making inroads in Japan, the U.S. and Europe. About 10 Chines
e satellites were seen over New York and London, fewer than in Asia. But the
re were almost as many Chinese satellites overhead in the two cities as Amer
ican and European ones during certain hours. Japan's four quasi-zenith satel
lites usually operate in conjunction with around 10 GPS satellites. But more
 than 20 BeiDou satellites could be observed daily over Japan.


A report by the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, a U.S. c
ongressional panel, estimates that Beijing will invest up to $10.6 billion o
n its satellite positioning system between 1994 and 2020. The country plans
to launch about 10 satellites by 2020. The bigger the constellation of satel
lites, the more accurate the positioning. Nobuaki Kubo, a professor at Tokyo
 University of Marine Science and Technology, believes BeiDou will be as acc
urate as the satellite systems of advanced economies within a few years.


The growth of China's satellite data positioning industry has profound impli
cations. Chinese smartphones and car navigation systems are BeiDou-compatibl
e by default; foreign manufacturers are following suit because products and
services that use BeiDou are available in many other countries.
中國衛星定位產業的發展具有深遠的意義。中國的智能手機和汽車導航系統默認與北斗
兼容；外國制造商紛紛效仿，因為使用北斗的產品和服務在許多其他國家都可以買到。


U.S. chipmaker Qualcomm was the first to supply chips for BeiDou-capable sma
rtphones. Leading American smartphone makers other than Apple use the chips
in their devices. STMicroelectronics of Switzerland adopted the BeiDou syste
m for its automotive semiconductors in 2015.


"We need to be compatible with positioning satellites around the world with
a single type of semiconductor," said Yuji Motohashi, who heads the automoti
ve digital product division at STMicroelectronics Japan unit. For companies
with global ambitions, making BeiDou-compatible products is a necessity.


Chinese tech companies are using BeiDou to sharpen their edge. Lenovo Group
Vice President Chang Cheng announced in May that the location function of it
s new Z6 smartphone is accurate to within 1 meter. The handset has a chip th
at receives signals of varying frequencies from BeiDou satellites to improve
 accuracy, which for most smartphones is about 3 to 5 meters.


Qianxun SI, a location services provider funded by Alibaba Group Holding and
 others, is using BeiDou signals and data from more than 2,000 ground statio
ns to create a positioning service for self-driving vehicles with an accurac
y in the centimeter range. Just as the U.S. became the leader in positioning
 services with GPS, China is working to develop new satellite-based technolo
gy and promote it around the world using BeiDou.


The rise of BeiDou has raised alarms in the U.S. national security establish
ment. Unlike GPS, which only sends signals, and cannot identify the location
 of receivers, BeiDou's communications with the ground are two-way.
北斗的崛起引起了美國國家安全機構的警惕。不像GPS，它只發送信號，不能識別接收器
的位置，北斗與地面的通信是雙向的。

When using BeiDou for car navigation, the receiver could theoretically trans
mit the car's location to a satellite in orbit, said Dean Cheng, a senior re
search fellow at the Heritage Foundation in Washington. He also believes Chi
nese satellites can jam signals in specific areas. The U.S. government is wo
rried that such capabilities could be used in cyberattacks.


5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址):
https://tinyurl.com/y2tntjul

6.備註:

2000年剛發射北斗一號時，又有誰能想到短短20年間中國能建成全球最大的衛星導航系統？

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