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備註請放最後面 違者新聞文章刪除

1.媒體來源:

外媒        scitechdaily

2.記者署名:

By UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON JUNE 11, 2024

3.完整新聞標題:

憑你的腰子可能上不了火星

Could Your Kidneys Handle a Trip to Mars?

4.完整新聞內文:

Could Your Kidneys Handle a Trip to Mars?
TOPICS:AstronautKidneyUniversity College London
By UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON JUNE 11, 2024

Astronaut on Mars Art Illustration Concept
Research shows space flight causes significant kidney changes, increasing
risks for long-duration missions like Mars trips. Credit: SciTechDaily.com

A new study highlights how space flight alters kidney function, showing
structural changes and potential permanent damage due to microgravity and
cosmic radiation. This poses risks for long-term space travel, such as
missions to Mars.

The structure and function of the kidneys are altered by space flight, with
galactic radiation causing permanent damage that would jeopardize any mission
to Mars. This is according to a new study led by researchers from UCL.

The study, published today (June 11) in Nature Communications, is the largest
analysis of kidney health in space flight to date and includes the first
health dataset for commercial astronauts. It is published as part of a Nature
special collection of papers on space and health.

你的腰子能承受火星之旅嗎？
主題：太空人 腎 倫敦大學學院
倫敦大學學院 2024年 6 月 11 日

研究表明，太空飛行會導致腎臟發生顯著變化，從而增加火星旅行等長期任務的風險。圖
片來源：SciTechDaily.com

一項新的研究強調了太空飛行如何改變腎功能，顯示微重力和宇宙輻射導致的結構變化和
潛在的永久性損傷。這給長期太空旅行（例如火星任務）帶來了風險。

太空飛行會改變腎臟的結構和功能，銀河輻射會造成永久性損傷，從而危及任何火星任務
。這是根據倫敦大學學院研究人員領導的一項新研究得出的結論。



Long-Term Health Effects of Space Travel

Researchers have known that space flight causes certain health issues since
the 1970s, in the years after humans first traveled beyond Earth’s magnetic
field, most famously during the first moon landing in 1969. These issues
include loss of bone mass, weakening of the heart and eyesight, and
development of kidney stones.

It is thought that many of these issues stem from exposure to space
radiation, such as solar winds from the Sun and Galactic Cosmic Radiation
(GCR) from deep space, that the Earth’s magnetic field protects us from on
Earth1. As most manned space flights take place in Low Earth orbit (LEO) and
receive partial protection from Earth’s magnetic field, only the 24 people
who have traveled to the moon have been exposed to unmitigated GCR and only
for a short time (6-12 days).

太空旅行對健康的長期影響





The Impact on Kidney Function

Nobody has studied what changes might be happening in the kidneys and other
organs as a result of conditions that would be experienced during space
travel beyond Earth’s magnetic field over longer periods.

In this Wellcome, St Peters Trust and Kidney Research UK (KRUK) funded study,
a UCL-led team of researchers from over 40 institutions across five
continents conducted a range of experiments and analyses to investigate how
the kidneys respond to space flight.

對腎功能的影響

沒有人研究過，在長時間超出地球磁場的太空旅行中，腎臟和其他器官可能會發生什麼變
化。



The Study’s Methodology and Findings

This included biomolecular, physiological, and anatomical assessments using
data and samples from 20 study cohorts. This included samples from over 40
Low Earth orbit space missions involving humans and mice, most of which were
to the International Space Station, as well as 11 space simulations involving
mice and rats.

Seven of these simulations involved mice exposed to simulated GCR doses
equivalent to 1.5-year and 2.5-year Mars Missions, mimicking space flight
beyond Earth’s magnetic field.

研究方法和結果



其中七個模擬涉及小鼠暴露於相當於 1.5 年和 2.5 年火星任務的模擬 GCR 劑量，模仿
地球磁場之外的太空飛行。

Implications for Long-Term Space Missions

The results indicated that both human and animal kidneys are ‘remodeled’ by
the conditions in space, with specific kidney tubules responsible for fine
tuning calcium and salt balance showing signs of shrinkage after less than a
month in space. Researchers say the likely cause of this is microgravity
rather than GCR, though further research is required to determine if the
interaction of microgravity and GCR can accelerate or worsen these structural
changes.

The primary reason that kidney stones develop during space missions had
previously been assumed to be solely due to microgravity-induced bone loss
that leads to a build-up of calcium in the urine. Rather, the UCL team’s
findings indicated that the way the kidneys process salts is fundamentally
altered by space flight and likely a primary contributor to kidney stone
formation.

對長期太空任務的影響





The Mars Mission Conundrum

Perhaps the most alarming finding, at least for any astronaut considering a
three-year round trip to Mars, is that the kidneys of mice exposed to
radiation simulating GCR for 2.5 years experienced permanent damage and loss
of function.

Dr. Keith Siew, first author of the study from the London Tubular Centre,
based at the UCL Department of Renal Medicine, said: “We know what has
happened to astronauts on the relatively short space missions conducted so
far, in terms of an increase in health issues such as kidney stones. What we
don’t know is why these issues occur, nor what is going to happen to
astronauts on longer flights such as the proposed mission to Mars.

“If we don’t develop new ways to protect the kidneys, I’d say that while
an astronaut could make it to Mars they might need dialysis on the way back.
We know that the kidneys are late to show signs of radiation damage; by the
time this becomes apparent it’s probably too late to prevent failure, which
would be catastrophic for the mission’s chances of success.”

火星任務難題

也許最令人震驚的發現是，至少對於任何考慮進行為期三年的火星往返旅行的太空人來說
，暴露於模擬 GCR 輻射 2.5 年的小鼠的腎臟經歷了永久性損傷和功能喪失。





Conclusions and Future Directions

The authors say that though the results identify serious obstacles to a Mars
mission, it is necessary to identify problems before solutions can be
developed.

Professor Stephen B. Walsh, senior author of the study from the London
Tubular Centre, UCL Department of Renal Medicine, said: “Our study
highlights the fact that if you’re planning a space mission, kidneys really
matter. You can’t protect them from galactic radiation using shielding, but
as we learn more about renal biology it may be possible to develop
technological or pharmaceutical measures to facilitate extended space travel.

“Any drugs developed for astronauts may also be beneficial here on Earth,
for example by enabling cancer patients’ kidneys to tolerate higher doses of
radiotherapy, the kidneys being one of the limiting factors in this regard.”

Though the study only describes what happens to the kidneys up to two and a
half years, it is the most comprehensive data available for the time being.

結論與未來方向

作者表示，儘管結果發現了火星任務的嚴重障礙，但有必要在製定解決方案之前找出問題
。


開發出技術或藥物措施來促進長途太空旅行。

「為太空人開發的任何藥物也可能對地球有益，例如使癌症患者的腎臟能夠耐受更高劑量
的放射治療，而腎臟是這方面的限制因素之一。”

儘管該研究僅描述了兩年半內腎臟發生的變化，但它是目前最全面的數據。

Notes(註1)

A year on the International Space Station (ISS), for example, exposes
astronauts to a dose of radiation 50% higher than the five-year dose limit
for nuclear energy workers. The Inspiration 4 private space mission, which
flew above the ISS by 200km, exposed its crew to as much radiation as a
nine-month stint on the ISS in just three days. A year on the surface of Mars
would expose you to as much radiation as an eyewitness to the Hiroshima
atomic bomb, and a three-year return mission to Mars is estimated to be six
times that (or ~10,900 X-rays).



5.完整新聞連結 (或短網址)不可用YAHOO、LINE、MSN等轉載媒體:

https://scitechdaily.com/could-your-kidneys-handle-a-trip-to-mars/

6.備註:

【火星異種2：全面腎虧】

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5e_-Ibf-iw



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