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美國《國家利益》:中國擁有世界第二強海軍

https://goo.gl/vxwn7U


It’s a universal truth handed down since antiquity: a country with a
coastline has a navy. Big or small, navies worldwide have the same basic
mission—to project military might into neighboring waters and beyond.

The peacetime role of navies has been more or less the same for thousands of
years. Navies protect the homeland, keep shipping routes and lines of
communication open, show the flag and deter adversaries. In wartime, a navy
projects naval power in order to deny the enemy the ability to do the same.
This is achieved by attacking enemy naval forces, conducting amphibious
landings, and seizing control of strategic bodies of water and landmasses.
The role of navies worldwide has expanded in the past several decades to
include new missions and challenges. Navies are now responsible for a nation’
s strategic nuclear deterrent, defense against ballistic missiles, space
operations, humanitarian assistance and disaster relief. With that in mind,
here are the five most powerful navies in the world.


自古以來，這是一個普遍的真理：一個海岸線的國家有海軍。大小的世界各地的海軍都有
相同的基本使命 - 將軍事力量投入鄰近的水域和其他地區。




只節錄中國

China

The People’s Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) has come a long way in the last 25
years. The spectacular growth of the Chinese economy, which fueled a tenfold
defense-budget increase since 1989, has funded a modern navy. From a
green-water navy consisting of obsolete destroyers and fast attack boats, the
PLAN has grown into a true blue-water fleet.
The PLAN currently has one aircraft carrier, three amphibious transports, 25
destroyers, 42 frigates, eight nuclear attack submarines and approximately 50
conventional attack submarines. The PLAN is manned by 133,000 personnel,
including the Chinese Marine Corps, which consists of two brigades of 6,000
marines each.

The People’s Liberation Army Navy Air Force provides fixed-wing aircraft and
helicopters for China’s new aircraft carrier, helicopters for surface ships,
and shore-based fighter, attack and patrol aircraft. The PLANAF has 650
aircraft, including J-15 carrier-based fighters, J-10 multirole fighters, Y-8
maritime patrol aircraft, and Z-9 antisubmarine warfare aircraft.
China’s first aircraft carrier, the Liaoning, deserves special attention. It
was commissioned into service in 2012. Originally built for the Soviet Navy,
after the end of the Cold War, Liaoning’s unfinished hull languished in a
Ukrainian shipyard. Purchased by a PLA front company, the ship was towed back
to China where it spent nearly a decade being refitted. Liaoning is expected
to function as a training carrier as China grows accustomed to the complex
world of carrier operations.

The People’s Liberation Army Navy is well into the process of modernizing
its amphibious capability, having commissioned three Type 071 amphibious
platform dock ships. Each Type 071 LPD can carry from 500 to 800 Chinese
marines and 15 to 18 vehicles, and can get troops ashore via hovercraft
patterned on the American LCAC and Z-8 medium transport helicopters. China is
also reportedly planning on building amphibious assault ships with
full-length flight decks along the lines of the American Wasp-class. A total
of six Type 071s and six of the new amphibious assault ships are rumored to
be planned.
China’s submarine force is a decidedly mixed bag, with up to 60 submarines
of varying quality. The core of the force consists of three Shang-class
nuclear attack submarines, nine Yuan, 14 Song and 10 Improved Kilo submarines
imported from Russia. China’s ballistic-missile submarine fleet is made up
of three Jin-class missile submarines with a fourth (and possibly fifth)
under construction. It is thought the South China Sea will eventually be used
as a bastion for China’s sea-based nuclear deterrent.
The PLAN continues to grow and learn. At least two more aircraft carriers are
planned, and China’s carriers could eventually number up to five. In
addition to carrier operations, the PLAN is also learning how to conduct
extended voyages through its contribution to the international antipiracy
effort off the Horn of Africa. China has sent 17 naval task forces to the
region, rotating in ships and crews to learn long-distance ship-handling
skills.


no.2中國









中國人民解放軍海軍正在進入兩棲能力現代化進程，委託了三架071型兩棲登陸艦。


中國的潛艇部隊是一個完全混合的組合，多達60艘不同質量的潛艇。力量的核心包括三艘
 商級核攻擊潛艇，9艘元級，14艘宋級和從俄羅斯進口10艘改進基洛潛艇。中國的彈道
導彈潛艇艦隊是由三艘晉級導彈核潛艇與第四（也可能是第五）正在建設中。據認為，
南海將最終成為中國海基核威懾的堡壘。



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